{"id":119214,"date":"2019-05-22T12:37:11","date_gmt":"2019-05-22T04:37:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fagao.me\/?p=119214"},"modified":"2019-05-22T12:37:11","modified_gmt":"2019-05-22T04:37:11","slug":"%e5%91%8a%e8%af%89%e4%bd%a0%e4%b8%80%e4%b8%aa%e6%90%9c%e7%b4%a2%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e4%bc%98%e5%8c%96%e6%96%b9%e6%a1%88-%e5%9f%ba%e4%ba%8erdf%e7%9a%84%e7%9f%a5%e8%af%86%e5%9b%be%e8%b0%b1%e7%ae%a1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fagao.me\/p\/119214.htm","title":{"rendered":"\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u4e00\u4e2a\u641c\u7d22\u670d\u52a1\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6848 \u57fa\u4e8eRDF\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u56fe\u8c31\u7ba1\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fagao.me\/images\/uploads\/F027.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"focusup\"><\/div>\n<p>\u7f16\u8f91\uff5c\u9648\u601d Natalie<\/p>\n<p>2010 \u5e74 Google 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\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u7b80\u5355\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e0b\u77e5\u8bc6\u56fe\u8c31\u4e0e RDF \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4ece 2010 \u5e74 Google \u5229\u7528\u77e5\u8bc6\u56fe\u8c31\u4f18\u5316\u4e86\u5176\u641c\u7d22\u670d\u52a1\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u56fe\u8c31\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5de5\u4e1a\u754c\u8fd8\u662f\u5b66\u672f\u754c\uff0c\u90fd\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Yago\uff0cfreebase\uff0cDBpedia\uff0cmusicBrainz\uff0cpubMend \u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u56fe\u8c31\u4e3a\u5404\u7c7b\u667a\u80fd\u5e94\u7528\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u50cf Google \u7684 knowledge graph \u5305\u542b 700 \u4ebf\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e (facts)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u7075\u6d3b\u5171\u4eab\u4e0a\u8ff0\u77e5\u8bc6\u56fe\u8c31\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u8bc1\u673a\u5668\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u65b9\u4fbf\u7406\u89e3\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u56fe\u8c31\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5 RDF \u5f62\u5f0f\u5bf9\u5916\u5f00\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5 DBpedia \u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\u91cc\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u6bb5\u8bdd\uff0c\u201cDBpedia \u4ee5 RDF \u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u7528\u6765\u8868\u793a\u62bd\u53d6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u5e03\u5230\u7f51\u4e0a\u201d\u3002\u4e0b\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86 DBPedia \u77e5\u8bc6\u5e93\u4e2d\u4ee5 RDF \u8868\u793a\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6837\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>RDF \u5168\u79f0\u4e3a Resource Deion Framework\uff0c\u5373\u8d44\u6e90\u63cf\u8ff0\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u5b83\u6700\u521d\u662f\u5728\u8bed\u4e49\u7f51\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\u5f62\u5f0f\u63cf\u8ff0\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u5730\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a RDF \u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684 Entity-Relationship \u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u7c7b\u56fe\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u6bd4\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u62bd\u8c61\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53f3\u56fe\u63cf\u7ed8\u51fa\u4e86 RDF \u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u8bed\u4e49\u7f51\u7edc\u6280\u672f\u6808\u4e2d\u6240\u5904\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0cRDF \u4e3b\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7 RDFS \u80fd\u8ba9\u673a\u5668\u7406\u89e3\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u4ecb\u7ecd RDF \u76f8\u5173\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f RDF\uff0cRDF \u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e RDF \u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8868\u793a\u7b49\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><span>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f RDF\uff1f<\/span><span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4ece RDF \u7684\u547d\u540d\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u7406\u89e3 RDF \u7684\u5185\u6db5\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>R \u4ee3\u8868 Resource\uff0c\u5373\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e3a\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7f51\u9875\u3001\u5730\u70b9\u3001\u4eba\u3001\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u9910\u9986\u7b49\uff1b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>D \u4ee3\u8868 Deion\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5bf9\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8d44\u6e90\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>F \u5219\u662f\u6307 Framework\uff0c\u5373 RDF \u4e3a\u8d44\u6e90\u63cf\u8ff0\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e3e\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u673a\u5668\u77e5\u9053\u201c\u54c8\u5229\u6ce2\u7279\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u662f JK \u7f57\u7433\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0cRDF \u5219\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u54c8\u5229\u6ce2\u7279\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\uff0cJK \u7f57\u7433\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u4e24\u79cd\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u88ab\u521b\u4f5c\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49\u3002\u7efc\u4e0a\uff0cRDF \u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u4e3a\u63cf\u8ff0\u8d44\u6e90\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bed\u6cd5\u548c\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><span>RDF \u7ed3\u6784<\/span><span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>RDF \u4e3a\u63cf\u8ff0\u8d44\u6e90\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5143\u7d20\u6709 IRI\uff0c\u5b57\u9762\u503c\u548c\u7a7a\u8282\u70b9 (blank node)\u3002IRI \u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u7279\u5b9a\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684 UINICODE \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5982<\/p>\n<p>2019\/20190426A\/F0114368 \uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u8ddf URL \u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6bd4\u8f83\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u5176\u5b9e URL \u5c5e\u4e8e IRI \u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b57\u9762\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u50cf\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u4eba\u540d\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u7b49\u5e38\u91cf\u7684\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u7531\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u548c\u8868\u793a\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684 IRI \u6784\u6210\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6570\u5b57 1 \u7684\u5b57\u9762\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4e3a&#8221;1&#8243;^^xs:integer\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d xs:integer \u662f\u8868\u793a\u6574\u578b\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684 IRI\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u662f\u6307\u6ca1\u6709 IRI \u7684\u533f\u540d\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u662f RDF \u5185\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>RDF \u4e2d\u5bf9\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u63cf\u8ff0\u79f0\u4e3a\u9648\u8ff0 (statement)\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7528 Subject-Predicate-Object(SPO) \u4e09\u5143\u7ec4 (triple) \u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0csubject \u7684\u53d6\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a IRI\uff0cblank node; predicate \u53d6\u503c\u4e3a IRI\uff0cobject \u7684\u53d6\u503c\u5219\u662f IRI\uff0cblank node \u548c predicate\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u201ca person named Eric Miller\u201d\u5728 RDF \u4e2d\u57fa\u672c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3a (xs1:me, xs2:fullName, \u201cEric Miller\u201d)\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a RDF \u6570\u636e\u96c6\u7531\u4e00\u7ec4\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\u96c6\u5408\u53ef\u4ee5\u62bd\u8c61\u4e3a\u4e00\u5f20 graph\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a RDF graph\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53f3\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684 RDF graph\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u53eb Bob \u7684\u4eba\u7684\u51fa\u751f\u5e74\u6708\u3001\u4ed6\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u548c\u4ed6\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u540d\u753b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 RDF \u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e0b\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u4e4b\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u5177\u4f53\u4ecb\u7ecd RDF \u51e0\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e00\u6765\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u4e8c\u6765\u4e5f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\u4ecb\u7ecd RDF \u57fa\u4e8e XML \u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0cRDF\/XML \u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u552f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b26\u5408 W3C \u6807\u51c6\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53f3\u56fe\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u9891\u7e41\u51fa\u73b0\u5197\u4f59\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5199\u7684\u524d\u7f00\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684 xmlns:cd \u8868\u793a http:\/\/www.recshop.fake\/cd#\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a &lt; rdf:Deion &gt; \u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d rdf:about \u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u8be5\u8d44\u6e90\u7684 IRI\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684 subject\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt; rdf:Deion &gt; \u6807\u7b7e\u91cc\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5b50\u6807\u7b7e\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7740 predicate \u548c object. XML \u5f62\u5f0f\u7d27\u51d1\uff0c\u4ece\u56fe\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4ee5\u9876\u70b9\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u5143\u8fdb\u884c RDF graph \u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u6d41\u884c\u4e14\u66f4\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u662f turtle \u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u662f RDF 1.1 \u4e2d\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8bed\u6cd5\u3002Turtle \u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u4ee5\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684 subject\uff0cpredicate\uff0cobject \u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u9694\u5f00\uff0c\u7528\u201d.\u201d\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a subject \u7684\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u7b80\u5316\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8 subject \u7684\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7528\u201d;\u201d\u8868\u793a\u7701\u7565\u7684 subject \u540c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u4e00\u9875\u4e2d\u4ee5 XML \u8868\u793a\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u5982\u53f3\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u7684 turtle \u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e0e XML \u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u7701\u7565\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u6807\u7b7e\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u6d01\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f N-Triples \u548c N-Quads\u3002N-Triples \u662f Turtle \u7684\u7b80\u5316\u7248\uff0c\u53bb\u6389\u4e86 Turtle \u4e2d\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e00\u884c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a triple\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7b80\u5199\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u7684 Turtle \u7684 parser \u540c\u6837\u80fd\u591f\u63a5\u53d7 N-Triples \u7684\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c N-Quads \u5219\u662f\u5728\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u56db\u5143\u7ec4\u3002\u65b0\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u8868\u793a graph name\uff0c\u5373\u5143\u7ec4\u6240\u5c5e\u7684 RDF graph \u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u533a\u5206 SPO\uff0c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u878d\u5408\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><span>RDF \u77e5\u8bc6\u5e93\u6784\u5efa<\/span><span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e0d\u540c\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e\u6216\u8005\u662f\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8868\u793a\u6210 RDF \u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u9700\u8981 RDF \u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u822c\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684 schema\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7528 RDF \u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\uff0cRDF \u5b57\u5178\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u9700\u8981\u5305\u542b\u4f5c\u8005\u3001\u4e66\u540d\u3001\u9875\u6570\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u7c7b\u578b\u7b49\u3002RDF \u5b57\u5178\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\u9879\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5143\u6570\u636e\u9879\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b class \u548c property\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Class \u662f\u6307\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u91cc\u7684 class\uff1bProperty \u8fd8\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u8868\u793a class \u7684\u5c5e\u6027 (attribute)\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u8868\u793a\u591a\u4e2a class \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb (relationship)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\uff0cRDF \u5b57\u5178\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u81ea\u8eab\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a RDF graph\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u8bf4\u660e RDF \u662f\u81ea\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd schema-free \u7684\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u5c55\u793a\u4e86 class\uff0cattribute \u548c relationship \u4e09\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u662f class\uff0c\u5982 RegisteredOrganisation \u548c Addrees\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u5219\u662f class \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u800c\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684 site property \u5373\u4e3a relationship\uff0c\u5730\u5740\u5b9e\u4f8b http:\/\/example.com\/site\/1234 \u7684 fullAddress property \u5219\u662f\u5c5e\u6027 (attribute) \u7c7b\u7684 property. \u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b attribute \u7c7b\u578b\u7684 property \u7684 object \u662f\u5b57\u9762\u503c\uff1b\u800c relationship \u7c7b\u578b\u7684 property \u7684 object \u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a IRI\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4e86\u5b8c\u6574\u7684 schema\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u5c06\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6620\u5c04\u6210 RDF graph. \u901a\u8fc7\u590d\u7528 RDF schema \u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u5171\u4eab\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u52b3\u52a8\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5b9a\u4e49\u597d\u7684 RDF \u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u82f1\u6587\u7684\u5c45\u591a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 FOAF\uff0cschema.org \u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a 2019\/20190426A\/F0114369 \u7f51\u7ad9\u4e13\u95e8\u6c47\u603b\u4e86\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u516c\u5f00\u7684 RDF \u5b57\u5178\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u53bb\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u5173\u6ce8\u8fd9\u5757\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5316\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86 cnschema\u3002Cnschema \u4e3b\u8981\u9488\u5bf9 schema.org \u8fdb\u884c\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7ed3\u5408\u4e2d\u6587\u7279\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u5236\u548c\u6269\u5145\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u53ef\u590d\u7528\u7684\u7b26\u5408\u4e2d\u6587\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u56fe\u8c31\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b57\u5178\u3002 \u901a\u8fc7\u590d\u7528 RDF \u5b57\u5178\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u77e5\u8bc6\u56fe\u8c31\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u6709\u7684 RDF \u5b57\u5178\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408 RDF schema \u548c OWL \u4e24\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u8fdb\u884c\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u4e0b\u56fe\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6837\u4f8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a PublicService \u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><span>RDF \u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6280\u672f<\/span><span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86 RDF \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u6784\u5efa\u601d\u8def\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u6784\u5efa\u597d\u7684 RDF \u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u672c\u90e8\u5206\u4e3b\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd SPARQL \u8bed\u8a00\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u7528\u6237\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>SPARQL \u662f\u9488\u5bf9 RDF \u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u4e0a\u7684 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f SPARQL \u67e5\u8be2\u4e2d\u4ee5 Triple Pattern \u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u6784\u9020\u67e5\u8be2\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u884c\u5217\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u81ea 2008 \u5e74 1 \u6708\u8d77\uff0cSPARQL \u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86 W3C \u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002SPARQL \u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7b80\u5316\u4e86 RDF \u6570\u636e\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a RDF \u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5165\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>SPARQL \u4e2d\u67e5\u8be2\u7c7b\u8bed\u53e5\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u56db\u79cd\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f SELECT\uff0cDESCRIBE\uff0cCONSTRUCT\uff0cAKS\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>SELECT \u662f\u4ece RDF \u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u51fa\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6216\u8005\u5c5e\u6027\uff1b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>CONSTRUCT \u5219\u662f\u6839\u636e\u6761\u4ef6\u83b7\u53d6\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6\u7684 Triple \u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684 RDF \u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff1b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>DESCRIBE \u5219\u662f\u83b7\u53d6\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>ASK \u5219\u662f SELECT \u7684\u4f18\u5316\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6216\u8005\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5168\u90e8\u627e\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u6784\u9020\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c SQL\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u5bf9\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 FILTER\uff0cOPTIONAL\uff0cLIMIT\uff0cORDER BY \u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u5c55\u793a\u4e86 SPARQL \u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6837\u4f8b\uff0c\u201c\u627e\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684 legalName\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4e0e RDF \u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u683c\u5f0f\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b80\u5316\u4e66\u5199\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49 IRI \u7684\u524d\u7f00\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u4e66\u5199\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>SPARQL \u4e2d\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u7528\u201c?&lt;\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32&gt;\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>SELECT \u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u8868\u793a\u8bed\u53e5\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u8ddf\u7740\u7684\u4e8b\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>WHERE \u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\u5219\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728 SPARQL \u4e2d\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u6761\u4ef6\u7531 Triple pattern \u5b9a\u4e49\u3002Triple Pattern \u7684\u4e66\u5199\u683c\u5f0f\u7c7b\u4f3c RDF \u7684 N-Triple \u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u628a\u672a\u77e5\u7684 SPO \u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u66ff\u4ee3\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u7d20\u5373\u4e3a IRI\uff0c\u5b57\u9762\u503c\u548c\u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u770b SPARQL \u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fagao.me\/images\/uploads\/2021_007.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u524d\u9762\u5173\u4e8e RDF \u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\uff0cRDF \u6570\u636e\u96c6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a RDF Graph\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e26\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u6709\u5411\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n<p>WHERE \u6761\u4ef6\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684 Triple pattern \u4e5f\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u542b\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u4fe1\u606f\u7684 RDF graph\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 SPARQL \u67e5\u8be2\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5de6\u56fe\u662f\u7528 SPARQL \u8bed\u53e5\u8868\u793a\u7684\u201c\u67e5\u8be2 card:i \u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u9875\u201d\uff0c\u53f3\u56fe\u5219\u662f\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56fe\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7269\u7406\u5b58\u50a8\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u601d\u8def\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u4ee5\u56fe\u6a21\u578b\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u5229\u7528\u56fe\u64cd\u4f5c\u89e3\u51b3\u56fe\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u5219\u662f\u4ee5\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u6570\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5229\u7528 join \u64cd\u4f5c\u89e3\u51b3\u56fe\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u7684 RDF \u5b58\u50a8\u601d\u8def\u518d\u540e\u7eed\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u6765\u770b\u770b SPARQL \u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u867d\u7136 SPARQL \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u770b\u4f3c\u80fd\u591f\u50cf SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u4e00\u6837\u7b80\u6d01\uff0c\u4e3a RDF \u6570\u636e\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5e26\u6765\u771f\u6b63\u7075\u6d3b\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u73b0\u5b9e\u662f\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\u3002\u7531\u4e8e RDF \u662f\u4e00\u79cd schema-free \u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u5f00\u7684 RDF \u6570\u636e\u96c6\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b57\u5178\u5f80\u5f80\u89c4\u6a21\u5e9e\u5927\uff0c\u547d\u540d\u590d\u6742\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cFreebase \u4e2d\u5c31\u5305\u542b\u81f3\u5c11 7000 \u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u5347\u4e86 SPARQL \u7684\u4e66\u5199\u96be\u5ea6\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a SPARQL \u5728\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7cbe\u786e\u5339\u914d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u5178\u548c IRI\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e5f\u6709\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u201c\u67e5\u8be2 Godfather \u8fd9\u90e8\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u5bfc\u6f14\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5c\u54c1\u201d\uff0c\u5de6\u56fe\u662f\u7528\u6237\u4e60\u60ef\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u53f3\u56fe\u662f\u5728 dbpedia \u4e0a\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u786e\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e24\u8005\u867d\u7136\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 IRI \u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u5341\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u8981\u719f\u7ec3\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u7f16\u5199 SPARQL \u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8981\u5bf9\u5904\u7406\u7684 RDF \u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b57\u5178\u8db3\u591f\u6e05\u695a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u63d0\u5347 SPARQL \u7684\u6613\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u671f\u671b\u63d0\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u6d01\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u8fbe\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u7684\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u7684 SPARQL\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e3e\u4e09\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u7c7b SPARQL \u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e0a\u4e00\u9875 PPT \u4e2d\u56fe\u7247\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u4ee5 SPARQL \u5f62\u5f0f\u4e66\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u6807\u51c6\u6570\u636e\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u7684\u5c06\u76f8\u5173\u8868\u8ff0\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b57\u5178\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u96be\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u5219\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e Example \u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5f53\u67e5\u8be2 RDF \u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u56fe\u8c31\u65f6\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5df2\u7ecf\u62e5\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u9884\u671f\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u60f3\u627e\u5230\u66f4\u52a0\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e Example \u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5219\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6536\u96c6\u7528\u6237\u9884\u671f\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u548c\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u6700\u7ec8\u63a8\u6d4b\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u628a\u5176\u4ed6\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5219\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u77e5\u8bc6\u56fe\u8c31\u95ee\u7b54\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u63a5\u53e3\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5373\u7528\u6237\u76f4\u63a5\u4ee5\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5f62\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\u67e5\u8be2\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u7406\u89e3\u6280\u672f\u5c06\u975e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a SPARQL \u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709 RDF \u67e5\u8be2\u6280\u672f\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u671f\u671b\u80fd\u591f\u627e\u5230\u66f4\u52a0\u7528\u6237\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u4f7f\u7528 RDF \u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span>RDF \u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u6280\u672f<\/span><span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u540e\u8ddf\u5927\u5bb6\u5206\u4eab\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1 RDF \u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>RDF \u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u6848\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\uff1a\u5176\u4e00\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e RDBMS \u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5178\u578b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709 Bhyper\uff0cGraphium RDF\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5219\u662f\u539f\u751f (native) \u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u6839\u636e RDF \u7684\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u7279\u70b9\u800c\u4e13\u95e8\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7c7b\u65b9\u6848\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u56fe\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u6848\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u524d\u8005\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709 Trinity.RDF\uff0cVirtuoso.RDF\uff1b\u540e\u8005\u6709 RDF3x\uff0cHexastore\uff0cJena TDB\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e RDBMS \u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u6848\u5176\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u5728\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u628a RDF \u4e2d\u7684 Triples \u5f53\u505a\u4e00\u5f20\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u53ea\u6709 SPO \u4e09\u5217\u7684\u5927\u5173\u7cfb\u8868\uff0c\u5e76\u76f4\u63a5\u5b58\u50a8\u4e8e\u50cf MySQL\uff0cPostgresql \u7b49 RDBMS \u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u5143\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u65b0\u5feb\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93 schema \u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u8db3\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u9ad8\u6548\u652f\u6301 join \u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u590d\u6742\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f73\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5c06 RDF \u4e2d\u7684 Triple \u6839\u636e\u5176 Predicate \u503c\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u5c06 predicate \u4e00\u6837\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u7cfb\u8868\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u5c5e\u6027\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a predicate \u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2 subject \u548c object \u5341\u5206\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684 Schema \u96be\u4ee5\u7ef4\u62a4\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u4e0e predicate \u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\u6210\u7ebf\u6027\u589e\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>2008 \u5e74\uff0cWeiss \u5728\u524d\u4eba\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u7acb\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u52a0\u901f\u4e0d\u540c\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u8005\u6839\u636e RDF \u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5bf9 SPO \u7684\u6392\u5217\u7ec4\u5408\u8fdb\u884c\u679a\u4e3e\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86 6 \u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u90e8\u5206\u5143\u7ec4\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u52a0\u901f\u67e5\u627e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f 6 \u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u7b56\u7565\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5229\u7528 RDBMS \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u673a\u5236\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u9488\u5bf9 RDF \u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u7279\u6027\u7684\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0cWeikum \u5728 08 \u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u539f\u751f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u683c\u5f0f\u7684 RDF \u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0cRDF3x\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u8005\u6839\u636e RISC \u67b6\u6784\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u8ba1 RDF \u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u9488\u5bf9 RDF \u7684\u4f18\u5316\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97 RDF3x \u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u5355\u673a\u6027\u80fd\u6700\u597d\u7684 RDF \u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>RDF3x \u6cbf\u7528\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4f18\u5316\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5148\u901a\u8fc7\u4f18\u5316\u5668\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u7684 join \u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u83b7\u5f97\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\uff0cRDF3x \u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u51cf\u5c11\u5916\u5b58\u7684 IO \u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0cRDF3x \u5c06 RDF \u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a Triple \u89c6\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u884c\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5b58\u50a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u964d\u4f4e\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u8bbf\u95ee\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u5c06 RDF \u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7edf\u4e00\u6620\u5c04\u4e3a\u6570\u5b57 ID\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5b57\u5178\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86 15 \u4e2a\u538b\u7f29\u7684\u805a\u96c6 B+-tree \u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c6 \u4e2a SPO \u6392\u5217\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\u7684\u67e5\u627e\uff1b6 \u4e2a 2 \u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u90e8\u5206\u5143\u7ec4\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca 3 \u4e2a 1 \u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002Triple \u5728\u7d22\u5f15\u4e2d\u4ee5\u5b57\u5178\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5229\u7528 merged join \u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u51cf\u5c11 IO \u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86 RDF3x \u4e2d\u5bf9\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u6837\u4f8b\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u59cb\u7684 RDF \u6570\u636e\u96c6\u8f6c\u5316\u4e86\u4e00\u5f20\u5b57\u5178\u8868\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a Triple \u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86 RDF3x \u4e2d\u7684 15 \u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15 (\u5de6\u4fa7\u7eff\u8272\u7684\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62)\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u662f\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u7684 B+ \u6811\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5dee\u5206\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u7d22\u5f15\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u56fe\u6a21\u578b\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f RDF \u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0cTrinity.RDF\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f MSRA \u57fa\u4e8e\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u56fe\u6570\u636e\u5e93 Trinity \u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f RDF \u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u628a RDF \u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e26\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u6709\u5411\u56fe\u5229\u7528\u56fe\u5212\u5206\u6280\u672f\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5730\u5b58\u50a8\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u4e91\u4e2d\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003 Trinity \u7684\u6280\u672f\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6267\u884c SPARQL \u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d join \u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u56fe\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u56fe\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u51cf\u5c11\u4e2d\u95f4\u7ed3\u679c\u89c4\u6a21\u53ca\u964d\u4f4e\u901a\u4fe1\u91cf\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53f3\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u67e5\u8be2\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4ea4\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u901a\u8fc7 String \u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u6d89\u53ca\u7684 IRI \u6620\u5c04\u4e3a\u6570\u5b57 ID\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7ed3\u5408 RDF \u7684\u5212\u5206\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u4ee3\u4ef7\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5bf9 SPARQL \u4e2d\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6a21\u5f0f\u56fe\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u7406\u5207\u5206\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4ea4\u7ed9 Trinity \u7684 worker \u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6b21\u5206\u4eab\u4e3b\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86 RDF \u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u77e5\u8bc6\u56fe\u8c31\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u6280\u672f\u3002RDF \u662f\u76ee\u524d\u5f00\u53d1\u77e5\u8bc6\u56fe\u8c31\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1bSPARQL \u4f5c\u4e3a RDF \u7684\u6807\u51c6\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u800c\u8a00\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u591f\u5341\u5206\u53cb\u597d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u63a2\u7d22\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u6d01\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1b\u9488\u5bf9 RDF \u7684\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u8def\u6709\u57fa\u4e8e RDBMS \u548c\u57fa\u4e8e native \u7b49\u4e24\u79cd\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u90fd\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span>\u95ee\u7b54\u73af\u8282<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><\/span>\u60f3\u95ee\u4e00\u4e0b\u90b5\u8001\u5e08\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5f00\u6e90\u7684 RDF \u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u548c SPARQL \u67e5\u8be2\u5f15\u64ce\u90fd\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u7b54\uff1a\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u5355\u673a RDF \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528 Virtuoso.RDF \u548c Jena\uff0c\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u5317\u5927 zou lei \u8001\u5e08\u56e2\u961f\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f RDF \u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span><\/span>\u611f\u8c22\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u8fdb\u884c\u53cb\u597d\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u4e8e neo4j \u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u7b54\uff1a\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u4e8e neo4j\uff0c\u4f46\u662f neo4j \u7684 cypher \u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\u6ca1\u6709 SPARQL \u90a3\u4e48\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u8f6c\u5316\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u4fe1\u606f\u5230 cypher \u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002NLU \u8fd9\u5757\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span><\/span>RDF \u73b0\u5728\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u901a\u8fc7\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u8bb2\u5ea7\u542c\u6765\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u521a\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u7b54\uff1aRDF \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5176\u5b9e\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u591a\u6570\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u6210\u719f\u7684\u4e0d\u50cf RDBMS \u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u63a8\u8350\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f virtuoso\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span><\/span>\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u5360\u636e\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u539f\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6570\u500d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528 ElasticSearch \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u642d\u5efa native \u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u7b54\uff1aRDF3x \u4ece\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u538b\u7f29\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u636e\u76f8\u5f53\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 ES \u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u96c6\u7fa4\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f18\u5316 ES 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\u6280\u672f\u987e\u95ee\u3002\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u540e\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u5305\u62ec\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u56fe\u8ba1\u7b97\u4f18\u5316\u3001\u56fe\u6316\u6398\u5e94\u7528\u4ee5\u53ca\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u7b49\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u76f8\u5173\u9886\u57df\u53d1\u8868\u5b66\u672f\u8bba\u6587 10 \u4f59\u7bc7\uff0c\u5305\u62ec SIGMOD\uff0cVLDB\uff0cTKDE \u7b49\u56fd\u9645\u4e00\u6d41\u5b66\u672f\u4f1a\u8bae\u548c\u671f\u520a\u3002\u66fe\u83b7 2014 \u5e74 Google \u535a\u58eb\u5956\u5b66\u91d1\u3001\u5fae\u8f6f\u5b66\u8005\u7b49\u79f0\u53f7\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u660e\u7565\u6570\u636e SCOPA \u6280\u672f\u987e\u95ee\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u4e0e\u56fe\u6316\u6398\u3001\u56fe\u5206\u6790\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u5de5\u7a0b\u7b49\u76f8\u5173\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span><\/span>\u4ece\u903b\u8f91\u56de\u5f52\u5230\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u70b9\u51fb\u7387\u9884\u6d4b\u6280\u672f\u9762\u9762\u89c2<\/p>\n<p>\u3010CNUTCon 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